Contrast Effect Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contrast Effect - Essay Example According to Six Sigma, quality requires entrepreneurs to look at their own business from the customer's perspective and not be based on their own perspectives. By understanding the transaction from the needs and processes of customers, the company is able to explore on what costumers see and feel. Consequently, marketers can identify areas where significant value or improvement be added. Kotler (2000, p. 36) underscored that customer expectations are relevant key determinants of their satisfaction, consumption experiences, and loyalty. It is wise that marketers need to either meet or exceed such expectations; otherwise, it could lead to customer defection or dissatisfaction. Feldman and Lynch (1988) argued that when customers express their expectations before their consumption experience, it would most likely bring them more convenient during the experience. The same points were emphasized by Morwitz and Fitzsimons (2004); Dholakia and Morwitz (2002); Kardes, Allen, and Pontes (1993 ); and Fitzsimons & Williams (2000) respectively. have less or no knowledge that there will be an upcoming service evaluation process versus those forewarned customers about a service encounter, which later be asked to evaluate the said service; tend to supply higher negative post-experience evaluations (Ofir a

Essay On Community Service Essay Example for Free

Essay On Community Service Essay Community service can be a chore for some and a delight for others. It can be tedium for one or a chance to help others from the bottom of his or her heart for another. Many believe that putting community service in the curriculum in the form of Values-in-Action (ViA) hours was something of a joke, something to guffaw at or simply something atrocious. I agree wholeheartedly with such people. Community service should be totally voluntary and not part of the school curriculum. By doing so, we are able to better evaluate a one’s character, able to work with people who truly wish to help others and increase the amount of help given. For a start, by eliminating community service from the school curriculum, we can better judge someone’s character. The problem with community service as part of the school curriculum is that people will feel that they are obliged to do community service and this will cause many students to take part in many activities so as to beef up their portfolios. Hence, all applicants, for example, at a particular company will have the exact same portfolios, all replicas of the other. If such a scenario occurs, how in the world are companies able to handpick and develop people who are truly capable and efficient workers? There is a chance that companies accidentally hire people who are churlish and truculent but what can we blame except this education system. This is especially disadvantageous to major companies that have many global sectors. Therefore, we need to remove community service from the school curriculum so that we can truly see who are worthy to be hired by a company. Next, the removal of community service from the school curriculum also means that in community service projects, people who truly wish to help the needy will be working together, giving rise to more successful projects. Without community service as part of the school curriculum, those who wish to give a helping hand and those who want to help from the bottom of their heart will be able to band together without the problem of people participating in community projects for the sake of getti ng ViA hours. These two groups of people have very differing goals and visions but by removing community service from the curriculum, such apathetic pupils will not be a burden to the community service industry. Instead, there is a higher likelihood of success in this sector with the increase in productivity, enhancement of teamwork and the sense of camaraderie within these teams working together for a common purpose. Furthermore, apathetic souls could  also lead a happier life without the â€Å"hassle† of community service bugging their minds. It is basically killing two birds with one stone! Lastly, many people think that by removing community service from the school curriculum, the amount of help given to the needy will drop drastically. However, this is definitely not so. By taking away community service from the school curriculum, we are also taking away those with apathetic mindsets. This means that there is a stronger circle of helpers for the needy. Hence, there will be more freedom in expressing ways to give a hand for the various needy communities. This means that people will not restrain their thoughts and ideas but instead, share it with others for them to improve and create. Thus, the visions that people have are very likely to turn to reality and with successive projects; there is a higher chance for a rapid in flow of ideas, giving rise to even more projects targeted for the less fortunate. This means an increase in the amount of help given and not a drop. After all that has been said and done, I strongly encourage that community service is rid off from the school curriculum. I believe that it can do wonders for our world and change it for the better. With better individuals with a morally upright character, they can influence others to follow suit and the acts of iniquity around our country may decrease significantly. Honestly, what more could we ask for?

What is an ICT system? :: ICT Essays

ICT and computers are NOT the same thing. An ICT system is a set-up consisting of hardware, software, data and the people who use them. It very often also includes communications technology, such as the Internet. Computers are the hardware that is often part of an ICT system. This is why your GCSE is not just about computers, but about how,why and when people use them. It is the power of computers and communications that has allowed ICT systems to become so important. Like any piece of equipment, the important thing about it is what it lets us do. ICT Systems are used in a whole host of places, from offices, shops, factories, aircraft, ships, and communications to medicine and farming. They are everyday and ordinary yet extraordinary in how they can add extra power to what we do and want to do. ICT systems have become important because by using them we become: * More productive in that we can do more things more quickly and at reduced cost. * More accurate and able to work continuously. * Able to deal with vast amounts of information and process it quickly. * They can transport information rapidly. Types of ICT system ------------------- There are different types of ICT system. The main aim of each system decides which name is sometimes used for it. Information systems Many ICT systems are set up to manage data and information. Examples of these are a Sports Club membership system or a Supermarket Stock system. Control Systems Other ICT systems have controlling machines as their main aim. They still use input, process and output, but the output may be moving a robot arm to weld a car chassis rather than information. Communications Systems Yet other ICT systems are dedicated to communications. Their output is the successful transport of data from one place to another. Input, output & system diagrams ------------------------------- What comes out of an ICT systems is largely dependant on what you put into the system. The acronym GIGO is a good way of thinking about this. GIGO can be interpreted in 2 ways: 1. Good Input, Good Output ICT systems work by taking inputs or instructions and data, processing them and producing outputs that are stored or communicated in some way. The higher quality and better thought-out the instructions, the higher quality and more useful will be the outputs. 2. Garbage In, Garbage Out ICT systems all "fall down" if the inputs are inaccurate or faulty; they will either not be able to process the data at all, or will output data which is eroneous or useless. That's why the term GIGO is sometimes used to stand for "Garbage In, Garbage Out".

Tenure at NU Essay -- Education Teaching Essays

Tenure at NU *Please note: Portions of this article and some information appeared in the Northeastern News, in the issue of December 3, 2003, Vol. LXXVII, No. 45. The respective text and information was extracted, solely, from the student reporter’s own writing and news-gathering. Appealing an Administration: A Professor’s Struggle to Remain at NU Six years ago, Northeastern’s Modern Languages Department asked an incoming professor, Harry Kuoshu, to build a Chinese Studies program. With minimal faculty support, he did just that, providing integral courses for the uprising interest in Asian Studies at the university. So when Kuoshu applied for tenure last March, the process seemed a mere formality. With unanimous support from both the Modern Language Department and the College of Arts and Sciences committees on tenure, his dossier was sent to the office of the Provost Ahmed Abdelal—who then rejected Kuoshu’s request. â€Å"I was very shocked,† said Kuoshu, from his office in the Modern Languages Department. â€Å"I try to forget about it. I focus on my work and on my research.† An author of three books, Kuoshu believes his rejection stemmed from criticism of his scholarship by external reviewers—experts from other institutions that evaluate the research of tenure-track professors. Recently nominated and named to â€Å"Who’s Who Among American Professors,† Kuoshu teaches virtually all classes in the Chinese Studies program. As a result, his tenure rejection has brought forth a wave of protest from his students, who have been actively writing to President Richard Freeland. Upon the provost’s decision, Kuoshu sent his dossier to an appeals board on tenure—comprised of 13 members—who voted 7-6 to uphold Abdelal’s prerogative. Un... ...rn. Now well-established in the Suffolk community, Haughton believes that his tenure rejection from Northeastern worked out for the betterment of his career. Having spent the majority of his teaching career in the greater Boston area, earning his Ph.D. in 1983 from Harvard—where he taught briefly before arriving at Northeastern—he has become a senior analyst at the Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy, a place he juggles his time with along with teaching at Suffolk. â€Å"It’s funny the way things work,† he said. â€Å"But you know, life goes on. I teach at Suffolk now and I’m very happy.† In terms of his tenure rejection at Northeastern, Haughton said that while the incident caused some stress, he remembered that such episodes are common. â€Å"Everyone is academia realizes that’s the game,† he said. â€Å"If you have solid skills, you’ll land on your feet somewhere.†

Faulker vs. Hemingway Essay

Each writer has its very own and unique style when writing a story. The style a writer uses to write a story shows the tone being use, symbolism, characterization and description, enough for the reader to understand the story. Two well-known writers with completely different styles are Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. â€Å"Faulkner uses many words to weave an intricate picture in the reader’s head of what is going on, and Hemingway uses many monosyllabic words to create a seemingly simple story† (Dayan). Their similarities and differences in style are seen when comparing and contrasting two of their famous short stories, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. Ernest Hemingway’s story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† uses simple words that directly mean what they stand for. Hemingway uses simple, less complex words to describe both characters and setting. Examples of it are found in the title, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† (Hemingway 141). The two waiters describe the customer as a â€Å"clean old man†¦ a good client† (Hemingway 141). Hemingway’s word choice was blunt and to the point. The word usage does not let the reader get funny ideas or leeway to think anything other than what Hemingway says. Hemingway’s style reflects when the young waiter states the old man is â€Å"drunk† (Hemingway 141). The young waiter does not suggest he was tipsy or that he seemed intoxicated, he simply meant he was drunk. On the other hand, William Faulkner’s use of words are more complicated due to the fact they are slang and misspelled. Some misspelled words and slang are â€Å"kin†¦ hisn†¦ and hit† (Faulkner 145) which stands for the words can, his, and it. The reason for the use of a southern accent is to set the mood of where the story takes place. Racist slurs such as â€Å"nigger† (Faulkner 146) are used to build a certain attitude toward the character who says them. Faulkner describes the way Abner walks as â€Å"stiffly† (Faulkner 146) which also affects the way the reader feels about the character. Many readers who are not familiar with the south the complex word usage in â€Å"Barn Burning† mean many things and nothing at times; this can also affect the reader’s attitude toward the story. In his writing Ernest Hemingway gives you a clearer and easier image of the setting in the story. â€Å"It was late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the trees made against the electric light† (Hemingway 141). Another image follows instantly, of a girl and a soldier hurriedly passing by, â€Å"The street light shone on the brass number on his collar† (Hemingway 141). These images are visualized clearly which helps set the setting. The images Hemingway wants to show and describe in his story are put into simple words, which leave no confusion for the reader not to be able to feel or see the story. However William Faulkner uses a different technique. Faulkner’s images are given in difficult wording with excessive details. An example of this is shown in one of his stories, â€Å"ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read†¦ the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish† (Faulkner 145). His description is longer and harder to understand unlike Hemingway which is easier and understandable to read. â€Å"Ernest Hemingway brings us to the moment with speed†¦In contrast Faulkner gently leads, involves and seduces, and then overwhelms† (Hemingway, Line: Ernest). When reading Faulkner’s story’s one must re-read the story in order to understand. In Ernest Hemingway’s story, the details he wants to describe are done to get the theme across. The details of the cafe and the bar are given so one can compare and understand the character’s loneliness and his need for light and cleanness. The cafe was â€Å"clean†¦ well-lighted† (Hemingway 144). The bar on the other hand was unpolished. Other details Hemingway includes are those of the old man’s character. â€Å"Last week he tried to commit suicide,† (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"He has plenty of money. † (Hemingway 141) are given to descried the old man and set a setting. Also the language used in Faulkner and Hemingway are completely different. For instance the language used in the story â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner includes informal and slightly slanged words. â€Å"‘Naw,’ he said. â€Å"Hit don’t hurt. Lemme be. ’† (Faulkner 147). Interior Monologue also makes up the element of language. Interior monologue is a tool through which a writer can exhibit the thoughts of the characters to the readers. â€Å"I could run on and on and never look back, never need to see his face again. † (Faulkner 155) is Sarty’s interior monologue. Faulkner uses interior monologue to prove Sarty was not allowed to express himself freely out of fear. The sentence structure used in a story also has an impact on the reader’s attitude. The sentences are structured in a way to get certain points and feelings across. Sentence structure in Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† includes short, choppy, simple and direct sentences. For example, ‘â€Å"He has plenty of money. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141) and â€Å"‘Nothing. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Hemingway 141). Formal, complex and long drawn-out sentences make up the sentence structure in â€Å"Barn Burning† by William Faulkner. â€Å"In the day the street was dusty, but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference. † (Faulkner 141). His sentences tend to long and breath taking. Faulkner’s style is formal but excessively detailed. He creates sentences extremely complicated that many times the best way to understand them is to go back and re-read the sentence. â€Å"The boy, crouched on his nail keg at the back of the crowded room, knew he smelled cheese, and more: from where he sat he could see the ranked shelves close-packed with the solid, squat, dynamic shapes of tin cans whose labels his stomach read, not from the lettering which meant nothing to his mind but from the scarlet devils and the silver curve of fish-this, the cheese which he knew he smelled and the hermetic meat which his intestines believed he smelled coming in intermittent gusts momentary and brief between the other constant one, the smell and sense just a little of fear because mostly of despair and grief, the old fierce pull of blood† (Faulkner 145). The style of both Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner are very different. One style, Hemingway being simple and to the point the other, easy enough for the reader to get a quick understanding and clear image of the story. Faulkner being complicated and full of details makes it complicated for the reader to understand the story. One must be open minded in order to understand Faulkner’s stories and the possible meanings of each one. Works Cited Dayan, Evea. â€Å"Faulkner Vs. Hemingway: A Comparison of Writing Styles. † Associated Content from Yahoo! – Associatedcontent. com. Web. 30 July 2011. http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/292995/faulkner_vs_hemingway_a_comparison. html? cat=38 Faulkner, William. â€Å"Barn Burning. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 145-158. Hemingway, Ernest. â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place. † Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 2nd Compact ed. New York: Longman, 2000. 141-144. Hemingway, Line: Ernest. â€Å"Philip S. Rader – Faulkner

An Overview of the Animal Welfare Act

An Overview of the Animal Welfare Act The Animal Welfare Act (AWA) is a federal law that was passed in 1966 and has been amended several times since then, notably in 2006. It empowers the Animal Care program of the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) to issue licenses and adopt and enforce regulations meant to protect the basic welfare of creatures kept in captivity. The law can be found at the official United States Government Publishing Office under its proper bill title: 7 U.S.C.  §2131. The Animal Welfare Act protects certain animals in certain  facilities but is not as effective as animal advocates would like. Many complain about its limited scope, and some even argue that animals are entitled to rights and freedoms equal to humans and should not be owned or used in any regard. Which Facilities Are Covered by the AWA? The AWA applies to facilities that breed animals for commercial sale, use animals in research, transport animal commercially, or publicly exhibit animals. This includes zoos, aquariums, research facilities, puppy mills, animal dealers, and circuses. The regulations adopted under the AWA establish minimum care standards for animals in these facilities, including adequate housing, handling, sanitation, nutrition, water, veterinary care, and protection from extreme weather and temperatures. Facilities that are not covered include farms, pet stores, hobby breeders, and places that commonly hold pets as well as quasi-commercial animals like milk cows and bure-pred dogs. Without the protection guaranteed to animals in other facilities and industries, these animals sometimes suffer harsh treatment- though animal rights groups often step in to defend these creatures. The AWA requires that the facilities  are  licensed and registered or their AWA-covered activities will be shut down. Once a facility is licensed or registered, it is subject to unannounced inspections. Failures to comply with AWA standards can lead to fines, confiscation of the animals, license and registration revocation, or cease and desist orders. Which Animals Are and Are Not Covered? The legal definition of the word â€Å"animal† under the AWA is â€Å"any live or dead dog, cat, monkey (nonhuman primate mammal), guinea pig, hamster, rabbit, or such other  warm-blooded  animal, as the Secretary may determine is being used, or is intended for use, for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet.† Not every animal kept by these facilities is covered. The AWA has exclusions for birds, rats or mice used in research, livestock used for food or fiber, and reptiles, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Because 95 percent of the animals used in research are mice and rats and because the nine billion land animals slaughtered for food in the U.S every year are exempted, the vast majority of animals used by humans are excluded from the AWA’s protection. What Are the AWA Regulations? The AWA is a general law that does not specify the standards for animal care. The standards can be found in the regulations that are adopted by APHIS under the authority granted by the AWA. Federal regulations are adopted by government agencies with specific knowledge and expertise so they can set their own rules and standards without getting Congress bogged down in small details. The AWA regulations can be found in Title 9, Chapter 1 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Some of these regulations include those for the indoor housing of animals, which specify minimum and maximum temperatures, lighting, and ventilation. Regulations for animals kept outdoors maintain that the creature must be sheltered from the elements and offered food and clean water regularly. Also, for facilities with marine mammals, the water must be tested weekly and animals must be kept with a compatible animal of the same or similar species. In addition, a minimum tank size is required, depending on the size and types of animals housed. Participants in â€Å"swim with the dolphins† programs must agree in writing to the rules of the program. Circuses, which have been under constant fire since animal rights activism increased in the 1960s, must not use deprivation of food and water or any kind of physical abuse for training purposes, and animals must be given a rest period between performances. Research facilities are also required to establish Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) that must inspect the animal facilities, investigate reports of AWA violations, and review research proposals to â€Å"minimize discomfort, distress, and pain to the animals.​ Criticisms of the Animal Welfare Act One of the biggest criticisms of the AWA is the exclusion of rats and mice, which make up the majority of the animals used in research. Similarly, since livestock is also excluded, the AWA does nothing to protect farmed animals. There are currently no federal laws or regulations for the care of animals raised for food. Although there are general criticisms that the housing requirements are insufficient, some animal rights advocates claim that the regulations for marine mammals are especially inadequate. Marine mammals in the wild swim for miles each day and dive hundreds of feet deep in the open ocean, while tanks for porpoises and dolphins can be as small as 24 feet long and only 6 feet deep. Many of the criticisms of the AWA are directed against the IACUCs. Since IACUCs tend to include people who are affiliated with the institution or are animal researchers themselves, many advocates question whether these committees can objectively evaluate research proposals or complaints of AWA violations.

Internet ; Society Essay Essay Example

Internet ; Society Essay Essay Example Internet ; Society Essay Essay Internet ; Society Essay Essay The universe is altering and many new engineerings are being developed continuously. Our day-to-day life is affected by these alterations. The alterations will go faster in future. Internet is one most of import consequence of altering engineerings. It has become a portion of our day-to-day life. Every new engineering has its ain effects. Some of them are positive and some may be negative. We should avoid the negative effects. Technology should be used in a positive mode. otherwise it will destruct us. Internet is an astonishing creative activity of the engineering. The whole universe is affected by it and all people are straight or indirectly related with it. Internet is highly helpful for legion individuals. Students take aid of cyberspace for their prep. Investors use cyberspace for the information about stocks. Sport fans watch mark and statistics. Internet has taken the topographic point of telecasting. Today cyberspace is same as the telecasting in 1940-50s. Internet is more utile and advantageous than telecasting. But it is non possible for every individual to utilize the cyberspace. Internet besides created an consequence on the print media and it is bit by bit replacing the print media because a magazine or newspaper can be published at a really low cost on the cyberspace. There is no demand of ink and paper on the cyberspace and fewer workers are required. That’s why print media is taking the advantage of cyberspace. Internet is the chief ground behind the revolution in society. Because of the cyberspace. communicating between the different states. societies. communities became possible. Before the cyberspace engineering there was no other communicating system being so huge to show the thoughts and the feelings. Through cyberspace informations. voice. and video communicating is possible. Largely people avoid talking to unknown individual. Internet has proved really utile for such sort of people. because they talk with people without demoing their age. expressions and category. Peoples find many friends through the cyberspace. Many public sites provide this installation. Peoples can derive many friends through these sites. Many immature people are gaining money with the aid of cyberspace by web designing. game building. working as a free-lance author. It means internet provides many chances for the people. Internet has shrunk the universe. Today each state is connected with another state with the aid of cyberspace. Peoples of one state or society are going familiar with the civilization of another state or society. With the aid of cyberspace the people who have knowledge got their place in the society. At present online shopping has become really popular. Peoples are purchasing merchandises from their place with the aid of the cyberspace. People buy merchandises at low cost from the cyberspace as comparison to market because companies can salvage money of stores and workers in on-line shopping. United province based company Amazon. com is the best illustration of online shopping company. Peoples can happen each and every thing at lower cost on this web site. In recent old ages some companies have allowed their employees to work at place with the aid of cyberspace because workplace has become really nerve-racking and the pollution besides increased in some last old ages. This is really advantageous because a individual can salvage money and clip by working from place. The Internet provides freedom of address. The people who don’t have bravery can convey their thoughts with the aid of cyberspace without any fright. With the aid of cyberspace now people are globally connected. A individual can pass on with the individual of other portion of the word at any clip through cyberspace. Now people are connected socially and professionally by the usage of cyberspace. Internet is really suited and low-cost medium of communicating. Today we can put an order merely by snaping a button. Now we can book hotels. flights and train tickets online. Internet made the communicating easy. Now we can pass on with the aid of electronic mail. picture conferencing. instant messaging. and Voice over Internet Proxy ( VoIP ) . Peoples can easy acquire information with the aid of cyberspace because there is a really immense database on the cyberspace related with each object. Peoples are happening occupations with the aid of cyberspace. We can subject many signifiers online. which saves clip. On cyberspace we can make up ones mind that which intelligence or information we want to read. Internet is besides playing an of import function in the field of amusement. We can play many games and work out mystifiers. Songs can be listened on-line and we can watch pictures on cyberspace. There are some bad effects besides. because of the cyberspace on the society. Pornography is a really bad consequence of the cyberspace. Sexual stuff is easy available on cyberspace and society is accepting this stuff without vacillation. Because of this involvement of the people in sex is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. As a consequence. sex-related offenses are increasing continuously. Because of the cyberspace a batch of occupations have been lost. because a little figure of people are required to run a site. Because of the on-line shopping people do non go forth their place. This is a ground behind the many diseases such as fleshiness. Online shopping is non helpful for the local economic system because most of these on-line shopping sites are international. Internet is non ever dependable. because there is a hazard of interrupting the privateness. There is everything is in the signifier of binary information. On cyberspace we are dependent on others for our privateness. We can non certainly protect our information. With the aid of informations mining our information can be theft. Copyright job has become a great job now yearss. Identity of a individual can be theft with the aid of cyberspace. There are many other bad effects of the cyberspace such as meeting with the people whom you met online. giving personal information to a complete alien. giving incorrect information. A individual can be easy cheated by the cyberspace. Many terrorists are utilizing cyberspace engineering for communicating by utilizing a incorrect reference. Child erotica. recognition card frauds. espionage. on-line still hunt. snatchs are some other bad effects of the cyberspace on the society. Now it can be said that it depends on us how internet affects society. Internet can be proved really utile if we use it in a positive way. Many Torahs are made for forestalling internet offenses. but these offenses are still at that place. There is a demand of enforcement of these Torahs. Internet can be really utile for the society. It is the best medium of communicating and it can be said a good platform for showing your thoughts. There are a batch of alterations in the society because of the cyberspace. Internet enhanced the position of the life. Today information and instruction about the safe usage of computing machine has become really of import. There are many disadvantages of the cyberspace. but I think it has truly improved our lives. There is a demand of instruction and enforcement of the Torahs. Mentions Cole J. I. The Impact of the Internet on Our Social. Political and Economic Life. The UCCLA Center for communicating Policy. 2000. Cuizon. G. Internet Crime: How Does It Affect Our Society? . April 15. 2008. Retrieved February 24. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. socyberty. com/Crime/Internet-Crime-How-Does-It-Affect-Our-Society. 109754 Nie. N. Study of societal Consequences of the Internet. Stanford Institute of the Quantitative Study of Society ( SIQSS ) . 2000. Professionals and cons of the Internet in today’s society. Retrieved February 24. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. He. com/items/779510-pros-and-cons-of-the-internet-in-todays-society Purdy. R. The Internet- Boon or Detriment to Society? Retrieved February 24. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //iml. jou. ufl. edu/projects/STUDENTS/Purdy/INDEX. HTM Rajani. M. K. A ; Chandio. M. S. Use of Internet and its effects on our Society. Retrieved February 24. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. szabist. edu. pk/ncet2004/Docs/Session % 20VIII % 20Paper % 20No % 202 % 20 ( P % 20157-161 ) . pdf The Internet’s Effect on Society. November 19. 2001. Retrieved February 24. 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. bbc. co. uk/dna/h2g2/A650684

Biography of Chilean President Michelle Bachelet

Biography of Chilean President Michelle Bachelet Known for:  First woman elected as president of Chile; first woman minister of defense in Chile and Latin America Dates:  Born September 29, 1951. Elected president of Chile, January 15, 2006; inauguration March 11, 2006, served until 11 March 2010 (term limited). Elected again in 2013, inauguration March 11, 2014. Occupation:  President of Chile; pediatrician You might also be interested in:  Margaret Thatcher,  Benazir Bhutto,  Isabel Allende About Michelle Bachelet On January 15, 2006, Michelle Bachelet became Chiles first woman president-elect. Bachelet came in first in the December 2005 election but did not manage to win a majority in that race, so she faced a runoff in January against her nearest opponent, a billionaire businessman, Sebastian Pinera. Earlier, she was a minister of defense in Chile, the first woman in Chile or all of Latin America to serve as a minister of defense. Bachelet, a Socialist, is generally considered a center-leftist. While three other women have won presidential elections in the Americas (Janet Jagan of Guyana, Mireya Moscoso of Panama, and Violeta Chamorro of Nicaragua), Bachelet was the first to win a seat without first becoming known through a husbands prominence. (Isabel Peron was her husbands vice-president in Argentina and became president after his death.) Her term in office ended in 2010 because of term limits; she was reelected in 2013 and began serving another term as president in 2014. Background Michelle Bachelet was born in Santiago, Chile, on September 29, 1951. Her fathers background is French; her paternal great-grandfather emigrated to Chile in 1860. Her mother had Greek and Spanish ancestry. Her father, Alberto Bachelet, was an air force brigadier general who died after being tortured for his opposition to Augusto Pinochets regime and support of Salvador Allende. Her mother, an archaeologist, was imprisoned in a torture center with Michelle in 1975 and went into exile with her. In her early years, before her fathers death, the family moved frequently and even lived in the United States briefly when her father worked for the Chilean Embassy. Education and Exile Michelle Bachelet studied medicine from 1970 to 1973 at the University of Chile in Santiago, but her education was interrupted by the military coup of 1973 when Salvador Allendes regime was overthrown. Her father died in custody in March of 1974 after being tortured. The familys funds were cut off.  Michelle Bachelet had worked secretly for the Socialist Youth and was imprisoned by the Pinochet regime in 1975 and held in the torture center at Villa Grimaldi, along with her mother.   From 1975-1979 Michelle Bachelet was in exile with her mother in Australia, where her brother had already moved, and East Germany, where she continued her education as a pediatrician.   Bachelet married  Jorge Dvalos while still in Germany, and they had a son, Sebastin. He, too, was a Chilean who had fled the Pinochet regime. In 1979, the family returned to Chile. Michelle Bachelet completed her medical degree at the University of Chile, graduating in 1982.  She had a daughter, Francisca, in 1984, then separated from her husband about 1986.  Chilean law made divorce difficult, so Bachelet was unable to marry the physician with whom she had her second daughter in 1990. Bachelet  later studied military strategy at Chiles National Academy of Strategy and Policy and at the Inter-American Defense College in the United States.   Government Service Michelle Bachelet became Chiles Minister of Health in 2000, serving under socialist President Ricarco Lagos. She then served as Minister of Defense under Lagos, the first woman in Chile or Latin America to hold such a post. Bachelet and Lagos are part of a four-party coalition, Concertacion de Partidos por la Democracia, in power since Chile restored democracy in 1990. Concertacion has focused on both economic growth and spreading the benefits of that growth throughout segments of society. After her first term as president, 2006 - 2010, Bachelet took a position as the Executive Director of UN Women (2010 - 2013).

Role of HR and Social Media Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role of HR and Social Media - Assignment Example Social media helps managers understand workers’ problems so that they can address at least what they can to optimize workers’ chances of retention. Social media helps managers clearly convey their policies regarding work ethics without the constraints of time and distance. Social media helps managers improve workers’ productivity by having them stay connected 24/7. The improved flow of communication and information at all levels across the organization also helps improve the workers’ productivity. Using such programs as Skype, managers can conduct meetings with the workers without having to make them spare some precious time from work to come to the meeting room. Many companies like Cisco have the trend to befriend the workers, peers, managers, and bosses at the social media websites like Facebook and Twitter. â€Å"Seven of 10 employees have â€Å"friended† their managers and coworkers on Facebook† (Gaskell). This helps them foster better re lations with one another and know one another

Development of Postoperative Infection in Women between the age of 30 Research Paper

Development of Postoperative Infection in Women between the age of 30 to 50 - Research Paper Example Due to some violation of safety precautions before, during, and after surgery, these or other freshly colonized bacteria in the hospital environment may enter the wound and cause infection, where bacteria now easily penetrate the wounded skin. As mentioned earlier, injury and inflammation caused by surgical manipulation may also help the nosocomial bacteria enter into the wound after being transmitted from somewhere else from within the hospital environment. In effect such infections in the surgical wound would slow down the approximation of the wound edges, delay wound healing, lead to morbidity, and cause increased economic burden, increased hospital stay, and increased incidence of other infections. Usually the patients present with increased pain in the surgical wound as a result of inflammatory process early in the infection, redness at the wound margins that spreads unless treated, drainage from the wound margin, fever due to infection, and ultimately breakage of the wound (Pry or et al., 2004). Such cases are often encountered in clinical surgical nursing practice, and the nursing assessment usually yields the following diagnoses, risk for infection, impaired skin integrity, impaired tissue integrity, and delayed surgical recovery. Thus this is a recognised surgical nursing care problem the evidence-based knowledge about which would be helpful in clinical practice nursing. While the problem is evident and common one, in this author's clinical practice as a surgical nurse in the Jacobi Medical Center, despite an uniform age distribution in the surgical cases, it is a common finding that female patients develop postoperative infections more frequently, and as a result they on an average have a longer postoperative stay, and in some cases, following discharge from the hospital, they return to the hospital with wound discharge, breakdown, or infections. This leads to a focus question, why these female patients have an increased preponderance of wound infection. To find out the answers, this author has chosen the age group of 30 to 50-year-old female surgical patients, so the answers to this question in the context of these patients are found out from the literature. The findings may prove to serve as evidence base where change in practice in such cases may be mandated. Focus Question Why so many women between the ages of 30 to 50 develop postoperative infection Literature Review To this end, a literature search was conducted with key words postoperative infection, females, women, nursing care, surgical nursing, wound infection, and wound care. Out of the available literature which included studies, research articles, and reviews, including both quantitative and qualitative literature, six recent articles were selected for critical review in order to point out the evidence available. It is to be mentioned that although the assignment requirement only mentions nursing literature, it would not be prudent to include only nursing literature since the cause of surgical site infection may also lie in the operating room management and handling of the skin, the magnitude of the operative procedure, the technical dexterity of the surgical team, and safety protocol

Supply chain operations and concepts Research Paper

Supply chain operations and concepts - Research Paper Example his endeavor, the rise of the computer age has provided some tools that reduce the level of paperwork in the supply chain while it has also blown apart many of the preconceived ideas regarding territory and boundary. Now, not only are companies attempting to compete with regional and national firms, but must also fend off the advances of international organizations while attempting to gain footholds in new countries. This introduces differing sets of criteria for the supply chain manager including the production of products, governmental regulations or specifications and available technology or resources each of which must be addressed before a product can be offered in a new or old market. To help cope with these multiple concurrent concerns, operations managers and scientists have developed a wide range of strategy sets that are capable of addressing each concern independently or a variety of concerns concurrently depending upon the operation of the firm which is further defined by the type of product produced and the methods by which it is created and delivered. Supply chain management encompasses the planning and management of all activities involved in sourcing and procurement, conversion and all logistics management behaviors. It also includes coordination and collaboration with channel partners, which can be suppliers, intermediaries, third-party service providers or customers. In essence, supply chain management integrates supply and demand management within and across companies. Logistics management is the element of supply chain management that plans, implements and controls the efficient forward and reverse flow and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet customers’ requirements (College of Business Administration, 2005). Many types of businesses and organizations most likely to employ supply chain managers include communication, consulting, military,

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR TOYOTA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR TOYOTA - Essay Example In effect, the strategic management option is being undertaken for the sake of helping the company gain competitive advantage over its key competitors (Pollard, 2009). Pirttimaki (2007) has stressed that even though the annual revenues of Toyota Corporation could be said to be greater than any of its competitors, the company does not lead in all aspects of the industrial competition. This is because the car making industry in itself has several divisions, all of which must be competed for to gain global dominance. Some of these competitive components that the company engages in with its competitors include luxury vehicles, automobiles, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and engines (Gilad & Gilad, 2008). Generally, the selection of the strategic management option shall be undertaken while critiquing against a specific model to justify why it is the best that the company can have. The model to be used in the critique is made up of three major sections namely suitability, acceptability and feasibility. Under each of the sections, there shall be sub-components against which the strategic option shall be tested with. The model to be used has been simplified below. The Differentiation Strategy The strategic management option selected for Toyota Corporation is the differentiation strategy. ... As the R&D takes place, it is important to also ensure that there is massive innovation that is directed at the need to meet consumer request and demand with style and flex. This is because as all competitors identifies the needs of consumers, it is he that has innovation with the needs that catches the eye of the consumer most (O’Hara, 2008). Secondly, it is important for companies undertaking the differentiation strategy to have the ability to deliver superior quality products and or services (Gilbane Report 2005). This is indeed a very centralized aspect of the strategy because quality remains a very crucial measure for competitiveness in contemporary global market and for the undertaking of competitive global engagements (Pirttila, 1997). This is because according to Ghoshal & Kim, 2006), the consumer behaviour of most people is changing of cost consciousness to quality consciousness. It would therefore take companies to set their quality apart be gain competitive advantag e. Finally, companies that desire to pursue differentiation strategy must be ready to undertake effective sales and marketing. The reason for this is that on a competitive market such as the one that Toyota finds itself in, almost all other competitors also engage in R&D and the delivery of high quality products and services. In effect, it is those who can effectively market and sell their quality and innovative products and services that really get to the customer (Alvesson & Skoldeberg, 2000). Application of the Model to the Differentiation Strategy Suitability Suitability generally refers to the question of whether or not the selected strategic management option is the right one for the company

Nuisances Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nuisances - Essay Example   Secondly, the plaintiff must also prove that the act of nuisance constituted unreasonable and unlawful conduct. In arriving at a determination of whether the defendant’s actions can be held to be unlawful and unreasonable and thereby constitute the private nuisance, the Courts will take into account the locality of the land, because actions in areas may constitute nuisance while they would not in others. The Courts will also consider whether the nuisance action would have affected the sensitivity of a normal, everyday person.   For example, in the case of McKinnon Industries v, Walker fumes from a neighboring factory destroyed delicate orchids.   But the Courts held that since the smoke would have affected even ordinary flowers, the act constituted the private nuisance.  An act will not be construed as the private nuisance if its general outcome is to be of some use to the community, after taking into account the location and the time of the activities.   For examp le, in the case of Harrison v Southwark Water Company building work that was carried out during the day was not deemed to be a nuisance because it was carried out at a reasonable time during the day and was likely to improve the value of the surrounding property when completed.  An act will be held to be a nuisance if it can be demonstrated that the defendant had a malicious intent because this will serve to establish that the defendant's actions were unreasonable and thereby constitute the nuisance.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR TOYOTA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FOR TOYOTA - Essay Example In effect, the strategic management option is being undertaken for the sake of helping the company gain competitive advantage over its key competitors (Pollard, 2009). Pirttimaki (2007) has stressed that even though the annual revenues of Toyota Corporation could be said to be greater than any of its competitors, the company does not lead in all aspects of the industrial competition. This is because the car making industry in itself has several divisions, all of which must be competed for to gain global dominance. Some of these competitive components that the company engages in with its competitors include luxury vehicles, automobiles, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, and engines (Gilad & Gilad, 2008). Generally, the selection of the strategic management option shall be undertaken while critiquing against a specific model to justify why it is the best that the company can have. The model to be used in the critique is made up of three major sections namely suitability, acceptability and feasibility. Under each of the sections, there shall be sub-components against which the strategic option shall be tested with. The model to be used has been simplified below. The Differentiation Strategy The strategic management option selected for Toyota Corporation is the differentiation strategy. ... As the R&D takes place, it is important to also ensure that there is massive innovation that is directed at the need to meet consumer request and demand with style and flex. This is because as all competitors identifies the needs of consumers, it is he that has innovation with the needs that catches the eye of the consumer most (O’Hara, 2008). Secondly, it is important for companies undertaking the differentiation strategy to have the ability to deliver superior quality products and or services (Gilbane Report 2005). This is indeed a very centralized aspect of the strategy because quality remains a very crucial measure for competitiveness in contemporary global market and for the undertaking of competitive global engagements (Pirttila, 1997). This is because according to Ghoshal & Kim, 2006), the consumer behaviour of most people is changing of cost consciousness to quality consciousness. It would therefore take companies to set their quality apart be gain competitive advantag e. Finally, companies that desire to pursue differentiation strategy must be ready to undertake effective sales and marketing. The reason for this is that on a competitive market such as the one that Toyota finds itself in, almost all other competitors also engage in R&D and the delivery of high quality products and services. In effect, it is those who can effectively market and sell their quality and innovative products and services that really get to the customer (Alvesson & Skoldeberg, 2000). Application of the Model to the Differentiation Strategy Suitability Suitability generally refers to the question of whether or not the selected strategic management option is the right one for the company

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch Essay

Federalist No. 69 and the Executive Branch - Essay Example A government consists of three branches; the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judicial. The President of America has the right to revisit a bill, which undergoes two of the branches and forms into a law if approved by two-thirds of the people from both houses. On the contrary, the King of Britain has â€Å"an absolute negative† regarding approval from the houses. This naturally means agitation both from the Parliament and the public before a law is implemented rather by play than force. This authority is only invested in the King and not the President. Then Hamilton states four concrete points of difference between the King and the President: 1. The President has the authority to command the militia occasionally unlike the King of Great Britain and the governor of New York, who can command the whole militia at all times remaining in their numerous jurisdictions. Hence the power of the President is second-rate as compared to the other two. 2.   It is the duty of the Presid ent to be commander-in-chief of the United States’ army and navy. This article brings the President on equal grounds with the King and the governor, however lesser in substance. The President cannot declare war or regulate fleets and armies. Only the legislature has this authority. 3. The President can pardon call cases except for the impeachment case. This is not the case with the governor of New York who can even deal with the impeachment cases except for assassination and treachery. This is aggressively questioned by Hamilton for its undeserving distribution of power vested in the President. 4. The King of Great Britain and the governor of New York respectively have the influence to disband the Parliament or the legislature of the State which may be a purposeful control employed by the governor in certain delicate matters. The President, however, remains at the level of just adjourning only the national legislature under a single case of disagreement circumstance (Hamilton , 1992). These differences have been pointed out to display the real character of the executive, the President of the United States, who may not be compared to the King of Great Britain, not even the governor of New York. In reality, the U.S. Constitutions only recently gained power as the American Legislators made a conscious effort to regain the executive branch through the trust of the people. The President is the magistrate elected by the people of the United States. He is not completely independent because he is chosen for four years through fair elections (Tocqueville, 1945). The power as it is seen in the constitution did not exist prior to the introduction to the Constitutions of the United States. The people lived under the Articles of Confederation, which did not have an executive branch and it lasted for forty years (Prince, 1867). It was considered weak without the executive branch.  Ã‚  

Symbolism in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Essay Example for Free

Symbolism in Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Essay Tennessee Williams is one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. His first successful play, The Glass Menagerie, embodies his grace and skill as an author and an interpretor of the human experience. This intense drama ventures into familial relationships, societal situations, and the nature of memory. The Glass Menagerie opened in the mid 1940s in Chicago, and instantly became a mainstay in modern short fiction and continues to influence playwrights and authors of all genres. It is through symbolism that Williams reinforces theme, character development, and fate in The Glass Menagerie. One of the first symbols encountered by the reader is the fire escape. The fire escape represents both a literal and symbolic way to leave the house. It also represents a major them in the story – the need to escape. Williams describes the Wingfield house and makes note of the fire escape. He explains â€Å"huge buildings are always burning with the slow and implacable fires of human desperation† (scene i). Certainly this is true of the Wingfield family. Tom wishes to escape from his boring job and current lifestyle because â€Å"Man is by instinct a lover, a hunter, a fighter, and none of those instincts are given much play at the warehouse! † (scene ii). He does succeed, occasionally, in finding comfort in movies, drinking, and magic shows. The fire escape represents his ultimate path to his freedom. His regular trips onto the fire escape to smoke foreshadows the permanent abandonment of his family. In the final speech of the story, Tom states â€Å"I descended the steps of this fire escape for a last time and followed, from then on, in my father’s footsteps, attempting to find in motion what was lost in space† (scene vii). Laura wishes to escape too. However, she seeks refuge not in the real world but within the house and a reality all her own. The fire escape protects her from the outside world. She wishes to isolate herself from the world where her deformity is laughed at and her shy spirit is crushed. Even when she ventures out on to the fire escape she slips representing another failed attempt at entering the real world (scene iv). The high school nick name, â€Å"blue roses† (scene ii), that Jim had for Laura is also symbolic. It is a symbol of the affection that Laura seeks and the cruelty that world offers her. Blue roses are both unusual and mysterious which reflects Lauras personality. The nick name while seemingly affectionate was actually a play on the term â€Å"pleurosis† which Laura suffered from in her childhood. Additional, the use of the name Rose pays homage to Williams sister who was afflicted by a mental disorder and was against her will subjected to a lobotomy which she never recovered from. The Glass Menagerie† is not only the title but also the central symbol within the story. Lauras collection of glass animal figures mirrors several of her personality traits. Her mother references the glass menagerie when talking about Laura and comments â€Å"She lives in a world of her own—a world of—little glass ornaments† (scene v). Laura is delicate and needs to be handled carefully because â€Å"Glass breaks so easily. No matter how careful you are (scene vii). Just as glass is transparent and superficially uninteresting so is Laura. However, in the right light those tiny glass creatures refract light in a number of various and vibrant colors. This is similar to Laura who may appear shy and boring to strangers but becomes alluring and attractive when her false societal mask is peeled away and her inner spirit is exposed. Jim is almost instantly enamored with Laura and tries to comfort her by stating â€Å"You think of yourself as having the only problems, as being the only one who is disappointed. But just look around you and you will see lots of people as disappointed as you are† (scene vii). The menagerie also represents the imagined world Laura lives in – full of color but based on unstable illusions. The most important and functional symbol within the short story is the glass unicorn. The unicorn is Lauras favorite figurine. Jim states â€Å"A unicorn, huh? —aren’t they extinct in the modern world? † (scene vii). Laura, like the unicorn, is ill equipped to exist in this world full cruel acts and evil people. The fate of the unicorn, extinction, foreshadows what will Lauras future will hold. It also becomes a symbol of the initiation and normalization of Laura into the real world. As Jim and Laura dance the unicorn is broken. Jims kiss destroys Lauras uniqueness. She fades effortlessly from her heightened experience with Jim into a normal existence as he explains he must rush off for an appointment with his girlfriend. She gives the broken unicorn to Jim as a keepsake because the unicorn â€Å"is just like all the other horses†(scene vii) now. This is symbolic of everything that Jim destroyed and took from Laura in that single evening. Symbolism is a literary device that Williams employs in almost all of his writing. Using common place items – the fire escape, glass figurines, roses – allows the theme, character development, and the denouement of the story to be easily accessible and understood by the audience. The glass menagerie is physical image and memory that all readers can take away from the story. Symbolic of a life lived in fantasy because it could not survive in the worlds cruel reality.

Concepts of Retribution and Revenge

Concepts of Retribution and Revenge Question Retribution and revenge are, and must be, strictly distinguished one from the other. Discuss Introduction It is not necessarily ideal to begin a discussion paper with a direct challenge to the veracity of the statement under review, but that is exactly what is demanded here. The first step in this analysis is easy to take: Retribution: noun recompense, usually for evil; vengeance.[1] Revenge: noun 1. (act of) retaliation 2. desire for this. verb ((-ging) 1. Avenge 2. revenge oneself or in passive; often + on, upon) inflict retaliation.[2] The statement for discussion concretes itself in absolute terms, but that, it is submitted, is no more than a faà §ade. It is confidently submitted that retribution and revenge are far from â€Å"strictly distinguished one from the other† in 21st century Britain. The average man or woman on the street on whose behalf the law is maintained and enforced would struggle to put clear blue sky between the two concepts, even in the abstract.[3] Once a factual scenario is added to the mix for context, once flesh and blood and sentiment are brought into the equation, the edges of these respective notions blur yet further. Indeed, the words retribution and revenge are so closely associated in the mind of the ordinary man that they are practically interchangeable. In the glossary to Oxford University Press’s Criminology textbook[4], retribution is defined as: the act of taking revenge upon a criminal perpetrator. Given the mutuality of this definition it would seem difficult to divide the two concepts quite as sharply as the statement under review suggests. From a cynical perspective, it could be argued that retribution is merely revenge with slightly better P.R. In the auspicious words of Sir Francis Bacon in Of Revenge[5] the issues seem to be distinguished by the notion that, while revenge is essentially a private affair, retribution has more public, and perhaps publicly acceptable, application and connotations. Whereas retribution may be seen to exercise a positive social function, revenge is forbidden fruit a sin perhaps if not, a luxury dressed in vice. ‘Revenge is a kind of wild justice which, the more mans nature runs to, the more ought law to weed it out. For as for the first wrong, it doth but offend the law; but the revenge of that wrong putteth the law out of office†¦ Certainly, in taking revenge, a man is but even with his enemy; but in passing it over, he is superior; for it is a princes part to pardon. And Salomon, I am sure, saith, It is the glory of a man to pass by an offence. Some, when they take revenge, are desirous the party should know whence it cometh. This is more generous, for the delight seemeth to be not so much in doing the hurt as in making the party repent. But base and crafty cowards are like the arrow that flieth in the dark.’[6] Contextual Analysis It is submitted therefore, that retribution and revenge are in fact closely related concepts. Together they probably comprise the most basic, most deeply engrained and most pervasive elements of human social justice reactions and drivers. That said however, at least one mode of distinction should be clear in the mind. While academic comment on revenge and retribution has in the past tended to revolve around the issue of criminal justice,[7] it is a trite observation that retribution is of prime significance in steering the justification and rationale of other legal matters. For example, beyond the criminal arena, discrimination, medical negligence and malpractice, and a veritable constellation of other species of civil litigation can hinge around and be fostered by a base desire for retribution and retributive justice.[8] Retributive motivation can also burn at the heart of intractable personal, family or business disputes. Retribution is a fascinating psychological and social phenomenon. It can be analysed from a variety of legal, philosophical and other social science perspectives. Discussion of the topic should address the full range of psychological, societal and sociological functions that punishment serves, embracing the cognitive, behavioural and emotional dynamics of retribution in context.[9] Almost all of the world’s cultures operate an organised system of social regulation and conflict resolution. Among them, legal systems predominate as the most popular and widespread. Law is retribution and conflict resolution by public administration under the unchallengeable authority of the state. Retributive justice is that which is state sponsored.[10] It is possible to distinguish the concept from other forms of retribution and conflict resolution on several grounds. First, law can be said to be retribution or conflict resolution that is managed by a centralised authority or federal structure. Under this model, retribution for wrongdoing and conflict resolution should not be in jeopardy of escalation into a deleterious cycle of mutual and personal revenge. There is of course always the danger of complimentary retribution: if I penalise you for hitting me, youll penalise me for punishing you theoretically an unending cycle of reciprocal and ultimately destructive violence. A legal system, under the administration of a central body, removes responsibility for retribution from the hands of individuals and puts it at the discretion of the state. Given that it is vast, impersonal and all-powerful, it is unlikely that those convicted and punished would attempt to revenge themselves in any direct or specific fashion against the state. The seductive revenge element of the law is manifest in notorious crimes including for example the killing of Polly Klaas in California and the popular revulsion and controversy inspired as a consequence.[11] That case can be compared with the United Kingdom public reaction to the sentencing of the Jamie Bulger killers, themselves children.[12] One essential point of observation is that the respective families of the victims, no matter what punishment they aspired to visit on the killers, are not the ones who decide on the penalty and they are not the ones who administer the punishment. Because most law is written and long established it can be argued that it assumes an independent and distinguished persona beyond the emanation of the state that is charged with its administration. This matrix conspires to derive a collective sociological fiction that it is the inalienable Law that governs those who implement the law, and that it is somehow the law that exacts retribution, not individual human beings or the servants of the state. This neat trick ensures that the law stands above and apart from the real world as something conceptually flawless in essence if not reality, something truly independent of human frailty, vicissitudes, fallibility and instability.[13] There is a simple and thus cogent argument that Law is, at its beating heart, no more than a mechanism for revenge. This should not come as a surprise. It is submitted that the fundamental response, the base socio-cultural mechanism for addressing unacceptable activity and behaviour, is to exact revenge. Incompatible activities that fell outwith the sphere of revenge were not initially embraced within the world’s legal systems. Generally speaking it was only later hundreds of years later in many cases that retribution-neutral disputes were encompassed within legal regimes.[14] The earliest-dated code of laws available for scrutiny is the Code of Hammurabi,[15] which sees it origins around 1780 BC. Significantly, the Babylonian King’s rules were obsessed with mechanisms for retribution. This early legal system assumes the form of a lex talionis the law of retaliation providing for exact retribution. The biblical mantra is: â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth, an arm for an arm, a life for a life.†[16] Mankind’s very earliest systems of law were almost exclusively species of lex talionis. As can be seen from the aforementioned quote, in the tone of Hebrew Scripture the lex talionis is a law of equal and direct retribution. Revenge, in this context is arguably surplus to requirements. King Hammurabis legal code and the nascent Syro-Roman and Mahommedan systems that followed,[17] almost wholly founded on the explicit principle of equal and direct retribution. In so doing it reveals the origins of law and justice per se in the gore of retributive violence. Concluding Comments In light of the fact that something similar to the lex talionis is typically the foundation stone of every legal system, it is argued that we can deduce that the basic functions of law are those of revenge and retribution†¦ and in no particular order. However, unlike systems of direct retribution (which are in one sense the fast food of societal sin), legal systems are implemented and enforced by the state and its human embodiment in dislocated fashion. The individuals responsible are normally insulated from the threat of reciprocal revenge in return. While revenge and retribution may jeopardise less well regulated societies as protagonists attempt to inflict reciprocal revenge on one another, retribution as it is embodied in established legal orders and controlled by the state entity in theory strives to prevent a deleterious circle of mutual revenge from undermining the fabrics and glues of society. In a perfect world the concepts of revenge and retribution would indeed be distinguished uniquely and precisely, one from the other. Alas, this is far from a perfect world and the legal matrix in which these terms sit is an organic hotch-potch of socio-political compromise. Thus, both in respect of their common and legal meanings, it is likely these concepts will be employed interchangeably by journalists, judges and the world at large. In closing, it is pertinent to note that, with a few notable exceptions, most countries, including the U.K., have abolished the death sentence. International war crime tribunals now award only life sentences for the most appalling crimes against humanity. It is submitted that this global shift in emphasis away from revenge-based sanctions has been driven by the emerging philosophy among criminologists that punishment in the form of revenge and retribution sits incongruously in a modern civilised society.[18] The Bible has a great deal to say on the subject of revenge and retribution. Much of the sentiment expressed therein has coloured the legal systems of the Christian and Western worlds for hundreds of years, in the interpretation and application. It is a matter of regret and stifled consternation that even in that highest of resources contradiction, ambiguity and confusion is rife. Two quotes end this commentary, leaving objectivity in the eye, and at the disposal, of the reader. If the person strikes another and kills him, he must be put to death. Whoever strikes an animal and kills it is to make restitution, life for life. If anyone injures and disfigures a fellow countryman it must be done to him as he has done. Fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth. Book of Leviticus, Chapter 24:17-20 You have heard that it was said, `Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth. But I tell you, Do not resist an evil person. If someone strikes you on the right cheek, turn to him the other also. And if someone wants to sue you and take your tunic, let him have your cloak as well. If someone forces you to go one mile, go with him two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you. Matthew, Chapter 5:38-41 END WORD COUNT 2122 (exclusive of footnotes) This is the sole intellectual and creative work of the author. Bibliography English Legal System, Elliot, C. and Quinn, F., 3rd edition, Longman (2000) Criminology, Hale et al., Oxford University Press, (2005). Smith and Keenan’s English Law, Keenan, D., 13th edition, Pitman Publishing, (2001) Sir Francis Bacon: The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall, Kiernan M, (editor), Oxford University Press, (2000). Clint Eastwood and Equity: The virtues of revenge and the Shortcomings of Law in Popular Culture, Miller, W. I., Law in the Domains of Culture, University of Michigan Press, (1998). Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety and Support for the Reintroduction of Capital Punishment, Keil T.J., et al, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 43, No. 4, 514-534 (1999) The Practice of Punishment: Towards a Theory of Restorative Justice, Cragg W, Routledge, New York (1992). Restorative Justice and Civil Society, Braithwaite J, and Strang H, (editors), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2001). You can kill a burglar if you have to, but not if you want to, Gibb F, The Times, February 2 2005. Babylonian Law The Code of Hammurabi, Johns CHW, Encyclopaedia Britannica, (11th ed). Restorative Justice: An Overview. Home Office, United Kingdom. Available at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs/occ-resjus.pdf Restorative Justice: When Justice and Healing Go Together, Zehr H, http://ccrweb.ccr.uct.ac.za/archive/two/6_34/p20_restorative.html Empowerment and Retribution in Criminal and Restorative Justice, Barton C, Victim Offender Mediation Program. (1999): http://www.voma.org/docs/barton_empre.pdf 1 Footnotes [1] The Oxford Paperback Dictionary and Thesaurus, Oxford University Press (1997) [2] Ibid. [3] See, inter alia, Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety and Support for the Reintroduction of Capital Punishment, Keil T.J., et al, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Vol. 43, No. 4, 514-534 (1999) at pp.522. [4] Criminology, Hale et al., Oxford University Press, (2005). [5] See, Sir Francis Bacon: The Essayes or Counsels, Civill and Morall, Kiernan M, (editor), Oxford University Press, (2000). [6] Ibid, and see http://www.ardue.org.uk/library/book3/revenge.htm. [7] For broad-based comment see Smith and Keenan’s English Law, Keenan, D., 13th edition, Pitman Publishing, (2001), chapter 25. [8] The Practice of Punishment: Towards a Theory of Restorative Justice, Cragg W, Routledge, New York (1992). [9] Clint Eastwood and Equity: The virtues of revenge and the Shortcomings of Law inPopular Culture, Miller, W. I., Law in the Domains of Culture, University of Michigan Press, (1998). [10] See for insightful comment: Restorative Justice and Civil Society, Braithwaite J, and Strang H, (editors), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2001). [11] See for comment: http://pollyklaas.ga0.org/law/law_enforcement.html [12] Justice? This is insanity : http://www.papillonsartpalace.com/jamie.htm. [13] For supporting analysis and a uniquely positive perspective see Empowerment and Retribution in Criminal and Restorative Justice, Barton C, Victim Offender Mediation Program. (1999): http://www.voma.org/docs/barton_empre.pdf [14] You can kill a burglar if you have to, but not if you want to, Gibb F, The Times, February 2 2005. [15] Ancient History Sourcebook: Code of Hammurabi, c. 1780 BCE: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/hamcode.html [16] Babylonian Law The Code of Hammurabi, Johns CHW, Encyclopaedia Britannica, (11th ed). [17] See for background: http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM. [18] Tamilnation.org, 10 December 1999: http://www.tamilnation.org/intframe/india/rajiv/99unfairtrial.htm.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay -- Illegal Drugs Narcotics essays rese

Marijuana   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Marijuana is a big topic these days. Many people want to make sure that marijuana stays illegal. Yet they do not know all the facts about marijuana. They just think that marijuana is bad. I believe that marijuana should be made legal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First of all, marijuana refers to the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which contain the narcotic chemical THC at various potencies. It is smoked or eaten to produce the feeling of being "high". Marijuana has been used for thousands of years for medical, social, relaxation, and religious reasons. Several of our presidents are believed to have smoked it. Those presidents include Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, and many others. John F. Kennedy smoked it to relieve his back pain. Also, many of America's great leaders were hemp farmers. This includes good ol' George Washington. Archeologists believe that cannabis was possibly the first plant farmed by humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think that marijuana is addictive, but this is false. Marijuana is less habit forming than either sugar or chocolate. When users take marijuana, it doesn't lead to violence-related crimes. Most users commit crime because they want to get marijuana, but this problem can be easily solved if the government would legalize marijuana again. When you take marijuana, it doesn't make you violent, in fact it leads to non-violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There has never been a case that a person died from smoking marijuana. THC is one of the few chemic...

Religion and Politics in Tibet Essay -- Political

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama, is the spiritual and political leader of an ancient people without a country, and is the binding and driving force behind Tibetan nonviolent resistance and cultural rebuilding. He was born July 6, 1935, making him 69 years old. He has lived all but 15 of these 69 years in exile from his country, continually being a main reason for their survival. The Dalai Lama is now considering his successor, and plans to do so through democratic means instead of the traditional process of divination. He has also been guiding his country toward a westernized organization of government in recent years, more and more towards a greater separation of church and state. How will Tibet, a country defined by its religious fervor, survive in exile with a separation of religion and politics? The Dalai Lama and Tibet have stood together against one of the largest countries in the world for half a century. Even though Tibet has yet to regain its sovereignty, it has managed to survive and even thrive while in exile, and is slowly making small steps back toward once again ruling the Land of Snows. Tibet’s success so far is due to its unique blend of religion and politics. Their success is evident in the equality of their people, their peaceful nature, and the continued success of their resistance to China for the last 54 years. A Secular Dalai Lama The Dalai Lama is the living incarnation of the Bodhisattva of compassion, Avalokitesvara. The institution of the Dalai Lama was created by a Mongol chief, Altan Khan, in the year 1578. Altan Khan already ruled a great section of the Mongolian empire and parts of northern China when he first came in contact with Tibet. In this first meeting, Altan met t... ...lizes.† Peace Magazine. (Oct-Dec 2002): 6 Ram, Senthil. The Pragmatism in Tibetan Nonviolent Politics [online]. The Transnational Foundation for Peace and Future Research, June 2004 [cited 18 November 2004]. Available from the World Wide Web: (http://www.transnational.org /forum/Nonviolence/2004/Ram_pragmatismTibet.html) The Government of Tibet in Exile [online]. Available from the World Wide Web: (www.tibet.com) Thurman, Robert A. F, Kenneth Kraft. Inner Peace, World Peace: Tibet and the Monastic Army of Peace. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992. US Department of State [online]. Available from the World Wide Web: (www.state.gov) Woodward, Kenneth L. â€Å"Dalai Lama: 'My Name, My Popularity' Useful in Promoting Human Values, Harmony Among Religions; 'Next Dalai Lama Could Be Indian or European ... Even A Woman'.† Newsweek. (August 9, 1999)

What Weapons and Transportation Machines Were Improved the Most Between World War One and World War Two?

What Weapons and Transportation Machines were Improved the Most between World War One and World War Two? During World War One, tanks, guns, chemical weapons, bombs, airplanes, ships, submarines and grenades were used to kill. A lot of these weapons and machines were difficult to use, really easy to destroy, too heavy, didn't last too long, not accurate enough, and didn't shoot too far. The weapons and Transportation machines were improved in World War Two to make it easier to kill; therefore soldiers would kill more of the enemies. Also, if the machines were too easy to destroy, they improved them or eliminated them. New technologies were invented after World War One because the soldiers realized that they needed better strategies to kill the enemies without themselves getting injured and killed. Some of those technologies were used for defensive purposes as well. For example, the radar was a new technology that was used to identify where the enemies are so they could kill them, and the radar was used to identify when the enemies were attacking so that they could defend ahead of time. Transportation machines such as airplanes, tanks, submarines, ships, and weapons such as different types of guns were improved in World War Two. Airplanes, tanks, submarines, and ships used in World War One were improved for World War Two. Airplanes in World War One didn’t have as much technology as in World War Two and couldn’t fly a long distance in a short amount of time like the planes from World War Two used to fly. Airplanes in World War Two had more space for bombs on board and they had radars. Tanks in World War Two had more weight than in World War One, meaning that they had more metal on them so bullets wouldn’t damage the tanks easily. In World War One war most tanks would have a range of 25 miles[1], while in World War Two a tank could reach the range of 400km[2], which is 248. 5 miles. The armor inside the tank also increased, that’s why the tanks got heavier in World War Two. Submarines had more deck guns in World War Two because more guns were invented during World War Two[3]. The Radar was invented after World War One and before World War Two; therefore they installed the radar in the submarines for World War Two. The Submarines in World War Two had air conditioning and new battery-powered engines, which was not used in World War One either[4]. The ships in World War One didn’t have radars because the radar was invented after World War One. Ships in World War Two had the radars installed, got their speed increased, and the cannon range increased as well. The usage of machine guns in World War One brought new ideas to built better models of machine guns and submachine guns in World War Two. MP40 is a submachine gun that was produced from 1940 to 1945. The MP40 is an automatic gun, and it’s really accurate. Its effective range is 100 meters, and its rate of fire is 550 rounds per minute. 5] Another model of a commonly used submachine gun is the Thompson. This submachine gun was produced in 1921. The Thompson is an automatic gun as well. It is very accurate, and the fire rate is very high: 800-850 rounds per minute. Its effective range is 50 meters. [6] A very commonly used and successful machine gun is the SG-43, which was in service from 1943-1968. This machine gun was gas operated, and it wa s automatic. The machine guns in World War One were not gas operated and didn’t have the rate of fire that the machine guns from World War Two have. The rate of fire from the SG-43, which was used in World War Two, is 500-700 rounds per minute,[7] while a machine gun from World War One would only fire 400-600 small-calibre rounds per minute. [8] The performance of the rifles in World War One was really poor; therefore they improved some rifles and even made new models for World War Two. Rifles in World War One would usually fire only 15 rounds per minute. Their range was about 1,400 meters, but the accuracy could only be guaranteed at around 600 meters. [9] Before World War Two, the performance of the rifles was improved and new Rifles were created. The STG-44 was a gas-operated assault rifle that was developed during World War Two in 1942. Its effective range is 300 meters, but its fire rate was 500-600 rounds per minute. [10] The Karabiner 98k is a bolt-action rifle that was produced from 1935-1945. Its effective range with iron sights is 500 meters, and over 800 meters with optics. [11] The M1 Garand is a gas-operated semi-automatic rifle that was produced from 1936-1957. Its effective range was 402 meters. [12] All weapons and transportation machines such as airplanes, tanks, submarines, nd ships that were used in World War One had a poor performance; therefore they were improved before and during World War Two. Works Cited Day, V. , 14, A. , 1945. , produced, o. f. , & Army, m. t. (n. d. ). Rifle, Cal. .30 06, M1, Garand. GlobalSecurity. org – Reliable Security Information. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from: http://www. globalsecurity. org/military/systems/ground/m1garand. htm (February 6, 2010). StG 44. Retrieved Fe bruary 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stg_44 (February 16, 2010). Karabiner 98k. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Kar98 (February 16, 2010) M1 Garand. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/M1_garand (February 16, 2010). MP 40. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MP40 (February 14, 2010). Thompson submachine gun. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun First World War. com – Weapons of War: Rifles. (n. d. ). First World War. com – A Multimedia History of World War One. Retrieved March 3, 2010, from:  http://www. firstworldwar. om/weaponry/rifles. htm guns, 1. h. (n. d. ). First World War. com – Weapons of War: Machine Guns. First World War. com – A Multimedia History of World War One. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from: ht tp://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/machineguns. htm I, t. e. (n. d. ). World War One, The Submarine. World History International: World History Essays From Prehistory To The Present. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from: http://history-world. org/world_war_i_and_the_submarine. htm (January 4, 2010). SG-43 Goryunov. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/SG-43 Rusty coot. (2010) What is the difference between World War 1 submarines and World War 2 submarines?. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from WikiAnswers website: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_World_War_1_sub marines_and_World_War_2_submarines St. Christopher House & The Working Group Inc. (2004). World War II Tanks. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from The Valour and the Horror website: http://www. valourandhorror. com/DB/SPEC/WW2tanks. php (Thursday, February 13, 2003). WW1 Tanks & Cars. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Mailer. fsu. edu website: ttp://mailer. fsu. edu/~akirk/tanks/ww1/WW1. html ———————– [1] Katya Kuersteiner, Witold J. Lawrynowicz, John Stevens, Auke Smit, John Wilson, (February 13, 2003). â€Å"WWI Tanks & Cars†. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from Mailer. fsu. edu website: http://mailer. fsu. edu/~akirk/tanks/ww1/WW1. html [2] (2004). â€Å"World War II Tanks†. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from The Valour and the Horror website: http://www. valourandhorror. com/DB/SPEC/WW2tanks. php [3] â€Å"World War One, The Submarine†. Retrieved February 16, 2010, from: http://history-world. org/world_war_i_and_the_submarine. htm [4] (2010). What is the difference between World War 1 submarines and World War 2 submarines? † Retrieved February 16, 2010 from WikiAnswers website: http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_is_the_difference_between_World_War_1_submarines_and_Wo rld_War_2_submarines [5] (February 16, 2010) â€Å"MP40†. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/MP40 [6] (February 14, 2010). â€Å"Thompson submachine gun†. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Thompson_submachine_gun [7] (January 4, 2010). â€Å"SG-43 Goryunov†. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/SG-43 [8] Michael Duffy, (22 August, 2009). â€Å"Weapons of War – Machine Guns†. Retrieved March 2, 2010, from: http://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/machineguns. htm [9] Michael Duffy, (22 August, 2009). â€Å"Weapons of War – Rifles† Retrieved March 2, 2010, from: http://www. firstworldwar. com/weaponry/rifles. htm [10] (February 6, 2010). â€Å"StG 44†. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Stg_44 [11] (February 16, 2010). â€Å"Karabiner 98k†. Retrieved February 16, 2010 from Wikipedia website: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kar98

Pop Culture Essay

Throughout, history popular culture has been a common factor in everyday life. The identity of popular culture is seen through many elements of art. It was derived from artifacts and styles of human expressions developed from the creativity of ordinary people, and circulate among people according to their interests, preferences, and tastes. For example, music, fashion, people, stereotypes, and social rituals all play a role in the development of what is known today as pop culture society. These elements have shape society to behave and think a certain way, all in which are seen to have a more negative impact to the public rather than promote positive influences. Moreover, we will examine three main elements of popular culture that affect the American culture on a day to day basis. â€Å"Stereotypes, social rituals, and arts are all elements of popular culture that have been adopted and appeals to large masses of people, normally the middle class citizens† . Thus, popular culture comes from people; it is not just given to them. This perspective tears away at distinctions typically made between producers and consumers of cultural material. According to Webster stereotypes are oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. For example, â€Å"people develop conceptions about certain groups of people because of what we see on television and use these generalizations in everyday life, such as Gender and where the media portrays ones masculinity and femininity† 2. Stereotypes can be seen with real or imaginary people or objects. For example, real icons such as expensive cars can be portrayed as a person being wealthy with luxury. Imaginary icons are things such as Bat mobiles or spaceships that are seen as a â€Å"warp speeding icon expressing in truly magical ways- faster than light travel, to demonstrate power beyond discovery† 3. Other real or imaginary stereotypes are heroes. For instances, Martin Luther King Jr. is a known for leading many Americans to freedom from slavery and racism. On the hand, Superman is an imaginary hero that saves the world from danger. These stereotypes have shaped America’s beliefs to be based on judgments of their own opinions as opposed to the truth. Social Rituals consist of â€Å"highly patterned symbolic events in which we all participate as a way of marking important passages in our individual lives or in society as a whole† 4. For example, holidays such as Christmas which is only celebrated by some who believe in decorating and exchanging gifts for the birth of Jesus Christ. However, others prefer not to engage in certain holidays or activities. Moreover, rituals integrate with heroes and icons that are built from a base structure of hierarchy. For example, voting is a common social ritual that plays a significant role in many American’s life. After voting, many constituency wear clothing to symbolize their heroic effort or support for the candidate they endorsed. Art is one the largest rooms of pop culture with a vast and diverse amount of subdivisions. Art includes; magazines, movies, television, recordings, comic books and others. Art correlates with all forms of pop culture and its affects with society. For example, books discuss heroes, icons, stereotypes, people, myth, beliefs and values. All of these elements interact with one another and result in moving to another room that leads to other possibly subcategories. Thus, arts are group together based upon shared characteristics which are known to both popular artist and the audience. Pop Culture is a trend that many learn about through film, media, music, people, fashion and others. These trends can sometime have a negative effect on the way society may behave or act to certain situations. For instances, many people use stereotypes to judge others or relate their lives to those individuals. In addition, others use heroes whether they are real or imaginary to compare and contrast their way of living. On the other hand, there are other elements of pop culture that make up these special trends. For example, social rituals is another element that allows people to express themselves based on their belief, things such as holidays, voting, and weddings. Lastly, Art is the element of diversity it relates to all subcategories of pop culture, within these categories all elements interact and form other elements.

Introduction to international studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Introduction to international studies - Essay Example Main points: Population: The article certainly addresses population, in the sense of human resource, as a key component for industrialization and sustainability unto the future. Demographic elements in the population of a country influence a country’s predisposition to domestic production, political stability, and regional influence. The article argues that a change in the population brought about by a change in the population size composition, and distribution relative to that of neighboring countries has a direct impact on the countrys GDP and international security. The article postulates that for sustainability unto the future, a renewal in the population’s working force (by maintaining proportional composition and distribution) was essential. Culture: The article does not address culture to any meaningful extent. However, it uses one element of culture i.e. religion, adopting a radical approach to it in justifying the threat imposed by high growth rate in Muslim states. Industrialization: The article discusses industrialization as amongst the major changes onto the future as well as an intermediate effect of the change in population demographics. Consequently, industrialization as identified in the article will be a determinant for international trade and influence the flow of capital and human resources as between countries. However, the article fails to establish which sectors of these economies will influence the transition of the developing countries into fully developed states as forecasted. Governance and Politics: The article addresses the issue of governance and politics under primarily two mechanisms: Firstly, it analyses the foreign policy relations of the United States, postulating that the US international influence is continuously receding, even amongst its traditional allies such as the Turkey, Egypt. Secondly, it discusses the issue of politics in relation to the US’ super power status. The article argues that

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 65

Case Study Example It has been very aggressive in its profit responsibility; using its programs and projects as means of communication to showcase its products and services to a larger population. This has demonstrated to be even more effective than the traditional way of holding advertising campaigns. The overall mission of Toyota is to contribute to the society and the economy by producing high-quality products and services. This is achieved through the Toyota way, which is a philosophy, built on five principles: challenging long-term visions and approaching them with creativity, Kaizen i.e. continuously improve business processes. Genchi Genbustu which, means going to the source to verify the facts in order to make accurate decisions; stimulating teamwork and performance and finally respect for the others and the environment by responsibility for it. Thus, Toyotas concept of sustainable mobility is key to achieving the Toyota way, which believes in respecting the atmosphere, and taking care of it. The Toyota National Parks project has been very successful. Parks included in this partnership are Yellowstone National Park, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Everglades National park, the Golden Gate Bridge Foundation, Yosemite National park, the Grand Canyon and the Santa Monica National Recreational reserves. The program tries to engage with the visitors at the park personally and expose them to Toyota’s hybrid vehicles which when used in a natural setting are able to receive messages about sustainable mobility. A corporate image study which was recently conducted shows that Toyota ranked highest among its competitors namely Toyota, Honda, Ford and GM when it came to indicators such as ‘Leader in High MPG’, ‘Leader in Technology Development’, ‘Environmentally Friendly Vehicles’ and in the ‘Wins Environmental Awards’ (107). I would suggest that Toyota gets involved in even more activities that raise environmental-friendly awareness. They should be proactive

Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide - Essay Example The company owns and runs the Starwood Vacation Ownership, Inc, which provides premier world class vacation experiences through villa-style resorts and access to Starwood brands(NHS para 10). Answer to question1 The Middle East hospitality and tourism industry is one of the more robust in the world. Data released by the world travel and tourism council indicates that visitor numbers are expected to soar high in the coming five years since the Middle East region projected to grow in international visitor arrivals by 6.5%. Starwood is well placed to exploit this market especially Dubai which is gearing up to attract new sectors such as conferencing with its world class infrastructure and competitively priced hotels (NHS para 3). Starwood should leverage on the number of business visitors in the Middle East. The company should offer value added hospitality services such as conference facilities, dining facilities and tourist villas. In some instances, international brands can be introdu ced to foreign markets without much consideration for local tastes and preferences. In this case, the company can introduce its standardized product in the foreign market and exploit economies of scale in its operations, this way; it can maintain a price advantage over its competition. However, a standardized product strategy should be flexible enough to respond to local markets, the products should be designed with a more balanced strategic focus giving weight to local and global concerns. There should be an emphasis on  the global market coordination to avoid duplication of activities and to capitalize on the scope and economies of scale (NHS para 3). The company should utilize economies of scale in order to reduce the operating costs and threat of new entrants in the market. If necessary, the Starwood subsidiaries in the Middle East should be given more autonomy to tailor their products to the needs of the market. The subsidiaries can design products specifically for the Middle East market or adopt existing Starwood brands and customize them depending on local preferences. Adopting existing brands is especially important for the franchised system of management adopted by Starwood where the owner of the hotel is not the brand owner. Thus adopting an international brand gives the subsidiaries worldwide exposure and recognition associated with an established brand (NHS para 7). The company should pursue both a global strategy, but also emphasize on the customization of the hospitality services to the needs of the local market. The company should differentiate its services in order to attain competitive edge in the hospitality industry. Where global brands are adopted, teams of experienced staff should be established on the ground to modify the global campaign locally and serve as the public face of the brand. Their activities are then coordinated by a matrix structure reporting to the global brand manager or a local marketing manager. A separate team should be established, and it is responsible for new product development to fit the local market or to adopt global brands that fit into the existing Starwood portfolio. Brand strength is the life-blood of a franchising company like Starwood, and it is important that the staff develop and promote a brand culture (NHS para 5). The company has attained brand recognition and efforts should be shifted to retaining the customer loyalty through new and innovative hospitality products and loyalty